PGS Statistics

Who is eligible for PGS trial?
[0:25] (1) 35 years old and above, (2) suffered 2 or more recurrent implantation failures, or (3) experience 2 or more pregnancy losses

How much does it cost the government?
[1:07] $1.7 million

How much does it cost the patient?
[1:23] $1,100 per test on average for consumables + $2,500 to $4,500 for embryo biopsy

What is the success rate?
[1:56] 367 patients signed up
[4:02] 104 patients had embryo biopsy done
[4:38] 60 patients completed embryo transfer
[4:42] 15 live births
[4:44] 8 miscarriages
[4:45] 8 ongoing pregnancies

My thoughts:
The news about PGS trial was released in the press back in Nov 2016. At that time, I fulfilled two eligibility criteria and was qualified. Back then, it was before I had my 2nd miscarriage and before I had karyotyping done on my pregnancy tissues. Therefore, I was not aware of my actual problem. Before embarking on my 2nd fresh cycle, I asked my IVF doctor if I could be enrolled for PGS trial. However, at that time, there was a delay in the commencement of the trial and hence this was not an option for me if I didn't want to wait. By the way, PGS can only be done during a fresh cycle (at least in Singapore's SOP).

On hindsight, it was a blessing in disguise. Based on the karyotyping done in Oct 2017, my implantation failures and miscarriages were not likely due to chromosomal abnormalities. Also, based on the result of my recurrent pregnancy loss investigation, these were more likely due to thrombophilia aka sticky blood. Cost wise, it was way cheaper to do karyotyping (about $600) compared to PGS (about $3000) to find out that my embryos were normal. Ultimately, PGS would not have changed any outcome for me.

Looking at the statistics provided by MOH, at best 23 live birth out of 60 embryo transfer (38.3% success rate), doesn't seem very worth the investment. But to a couple wanting their own kid, all these numbers may not matter at all. I would try everything that somewhat make sense, until I have exhausted all options within my means.

One question that is significant to me - of these 15 lives births, how many had recurrent failed IVF or miscarriages? If these 15 patients are only 35 years and above, and not had failed IVF or miscarriages, it could be very possible that they would be successful without PGS. Considering the high out-of-pocket cost involved, I would think that they are more than just "35 years old and above".

I strongly believe that there needs to be more investigation before attempting PGS. But because there are so many unknowns and so many under-researched areas or research with conflictling/ inconclusive results, many OBGYN and IVF doctors remains doubtful of autoimmunity issues (perhaps with the exception of thyroid). But guess what, the controversial protocol worked for me!

$1.7 million of tax payer's money can be used in so many other ways to help the vulnerable groups and the under-privileged. I don't mean throwing out PGS all together because this may just be the answer, if there is no other explanation for the infertility after a truely thorough investigation including autoimmunity, sperm DNA fragmentation test, etc. And yes, my personal opinion is that the investigation at public hospitals are not thorough enough.

Trying for Mini J #2

pre-cycle	Start 100mg aspirin* + 2mg (2 tabs) methyl folate* + 1000iu vitamin D*
CD2	Start 8mg (4 tabs) progynova
CD5	Start 10mg (2 tabs) prednisolone*
CD12	Scan - lining 8.2mm trilaminar
CD14	Start crinone twice daily + 0.4ml clexane* nightly
CD19	ET at 2pm. Increase to 20mg (4 tabs) prednisolone*
14dp5dt	beta-hCG - 1731.7 IU/L Received 1 shot of proluton^ + Start 10mg duphaston^ twice daily
15dp5dt	Minor bleeding in the late evening. Increase to 20mg (2 tabs) duphaston twice daily. Stop clexane and aspirin
18dp5dt	Received 1 shot of proluton
19dp5dt	Spotting reduced. Restart clexane
22dp5dt	Spotting stopped. Reduced to 10mg duphaston twice daily.
31dp5dt	First fetal scan. No sac found. Chemical pregnancy.

*Prescribed by Dr Sheila Vasoo
^Prescribed by Dr Marianne Hendricks

This round, perhaps due to COVID-19, KKIVF was rather empty every time I visited, a vast contrast to the crowd and long wait in the past. The pharmacy, however, was still as crowded as ever.

I was totally caught by surprise that I wouldn't be issued an MC on the day I have to return to KKH for beta-hCG blood test (which is compulsory by the way). Reason? Because I didn't see a doctor. It seems that this is not unique to KKH, NUH doesn't issue MC for the same reason. Didn't need the MC in my last cycle because I took no-pay leave. But I don't know why I only realise this in my 9th cycle; I can't recall if I ever asked for MC in my earlier cycles. If BFP, you have to go back in the afternoon to collect the papers for the next appointment and collect the medications, which meant another 2 hours spent at KKH. Anyway, no biggie for me, but I imagine some may get caught in a stressful situation.

I thought I should explain here that KKH typically prescribe duphaston after beta-hCG if BFP, but for me, Dr Sadhana agreed to my request to continue crinone but this also meant that duphaston wouldn't be in my protocol. Based on my previous pregnancy experience, I went to Dr Marianne Hendricks to ask for more support medications, in hope to prevent bleeding. But this time, bleeding started much earlier at week 4+ than my previous pregnancies (week 5+).

The first pre-natal scan (or dating scan) is typically scheduled 2 weeks after beta-hCG BT. I decided not to waste anymore time at KKH and went straight to my private doctor. At KKH, you have to see the sonographer for scan, then see the doctor to tell you the scan result and issue prescription, and finally queue at the pharmacy to buy medicine. This is too much waiting time for me.

What's the biggest difference between my previous pregnancy and this one? Back in 2018, I had very bad nausea, indigestion and tiredness, starting from around week 5, but all these symptoms have yet to surface at week 6. I was right to be paranoid and worried. How can I be so lucky not to have any major morning sickness this time round. Indeed, something went wrong.

At week 7 (or maybe almost week 7), there was no sac. It was a chemical pregnancy.


Goodbye my angel baby...